Let's Learn Everything!

Wait, how are we rediscovering organs in 2026?? Or... are we? Well let's learn about the history and fads of the insides of our bodies! And what is bird watching, why do we all love it, and how casual and competitive can you get with it?
Images we talk about:
(Also available at https://www.letslearneverything.com/113/)
Clay Liver
Online Terminologia Anatomica
Salivary Glands
Bird Study Skins
A Field guide to Birds Example Page
Timestamps:
(00:00:00) Intro
(00:04:56) Rediscovered Organs
(01:05:15) Bird Watching
(01:50:12) Outro
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The Name Website
Study skins,
We also learn about:
Huh?? Mesopotamian organ divination, sheep liver phrenology models, everyone needs to talk about this, Al-Razi’s “Doubts about Galen”, the great ignorance time skip, hmm this dead body must be wrong, the dissection fad, the murder act, you don’t know Burke and Hare?? body snatching and anatomy murder, the vestigial craze, Wiedersheim’s minimal viable person, the problem of naming organs, 20 synonyms of organs, Ella goes feral over the online Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, our 3-4, hi Dad and Ella’s mom - hope you enjoyed that clitoris joke, our 4th pair of handlebar moustache salivary glands, the interstitium getting reverse pluto’d, labelling an organ is useful but also not the full picture, gen Z loves birding, FUCK YOU JONO WE’RE DOING THE HISTORY, is paleontology birding if you’re looking at sauricia, ornithomancy, where there have been birds - we have watched birds, study skins, hey what if we looked at them alive? in 1901 Edmund Selous discovers bird empathy, “lay down the gun and take up the glasses”, POWs from WWII publishing their findings, slovenly non scientific bird watchers, it’s a hobby with no proper definition, Merline and ObsIdentify and Birder and Ebird and Rare Bird Alert and Birder’s Interface, it’s pokemon! WHO’S THAT bird, “oh my god I actually cannot do this any more”, apps aren’t perfect, twitchers, the New Jersey World Series of Birding, Big Year, the first book specifically for birding, the first big year was just some guy who wrote how many birds he saw one year and told people about it, a big year is a physical and mental trial for glory, it’s for the birds, has their love curdled or have they unlocked a true kind of love? why do we do anything at all? I do love birds but man do I love humans.
Sources:
Organ sources coming soon!
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BBC: Why Gen Z Birdwatchers Are Flocking to Reserves
CNN: Why Gen Z is going bonkers for birding
Wikipedia: Ornithomancy
Smithsonian Magazine: How Bird Collecting Evolved Into Bird-Watching
My Bird Buddy: History of Bird Watching
Haikubox: Evolution of Birdwatching
Pitville History: Edmund Selous
British Birds: Best Bird Watching Apps
10000 Birds: Can I rely on Merlin
Science Base: Bird ID Apps
Sussex Wildlife Trust: The Good the Bad and the Middling ID Apps
Reddit: Pokemon Go is Basically Birding
Reddit: Ever Wanted to Catch Em All IRL?
Reddit: Why is Gen Z Suddenly Obsessed with Birdwatching
Youtube: Listers
New Jersey Audubon Society: World Series of Birding
Wikipedia: Big Year
Smithsonian Library and Archive: A Field Guide to Birds
American Bird Association: Big Year Rules
Audubon: The Big Year According to Birders
Birding (American Birding Association): The Next Big Thing
Surfbirds (Wayback Machine): Alaska, The Last Frontier Attu Island
NPR: The Real Birdwatchers Behind Hollywood's 'Big Year'

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What happens to life inside exclusion zones like Chernobyl? Is it good? Bad? Or something much more interesting? And what happens when you try to codify every single character from human language? Well, it definitely leads to some fascinating linguistic rabbit holes!
Images we talk about:
Przewalski’s horse (yes that’s how it’s spelled)
Frogs
Character U+FDFD
Arabic Text
Decorative U+FDFD's
Tom's Favorite Use of Kashida
Timestamps:
(00:00:00) Intro
(00:03:12) Life in Exclusion Zones
(01:01:48) Every Single Character
(01:52:06) Outro
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We also learn about: Actually defining it made it creepier, the zone rouge, we an area of Earth uninhabitable from war, chernobyl release over 100 radioactive elements, they really need to name the zone of alienation the zone of doing taxes, the liquidators actually did a good job of stopping the spread, is this a rewilding experiment? Ella deleted emails to poach this topic, Przewalski’s horse (yes that’s how it’s spelled), technically feral vs wild horses, I’ve reached the nuance center of my nuance pop, why isn’t it my job so sample chernobyl frogs, nearly all pine trees near chernobyl were wiped out, “the selective pressures of radiation”, bright birds used up their carotenoids for color, we’re doing nuclear ecological biochemistry, god that was an ugly laugh, maybe its counterintuitive for the small things - no this one sucks, the slow horror of a lack of decomposition, the ecosystem is not rewilded it’s entirely new, the Korean DMZ is like an ecological semi permeable membrane, DMZ ecology research institute, the DMZ has 40% of Korea’s endangered species, it’s a pitstop along the east asian australasian flyway, endangered cranes have bounced back in the DMZ, the DMZ crane watch, the cranes and natterjack toad require human farming to thrive, synonyms of nuance and thrive, Baarter economy standing ovation, conflictful chicken, Unicode is the ISO standard for text on computers, ASCII’s 128 characters is surely enough right? why do you have a period accurate phone? it turns out other cultures want to use the computer, there are 159,801 characters in unicode, the basic multilingual plane sounds like startrek shit and it kind of is, I mean it’s not like it has cuneiform except it does, braille unicode exists for a reason, braille doesn’t just map one to one with letters it also has contractions, contracted braille is a stenography, tweeting more in japanese, 101,996 CJK characters, Max Woolf’s Big List of Naughty Strings, after Mamdani was elected I had to learn how to pronounce the bismillah, “Bismillah is the Przewalski’s Horse of this topic”, I said we shouldn’t dive into the history of a language halfway through a topic but fuck it, LR0’s terrific Arabic typography essay, arabic script can be perfectly justified, “the justification lives inside the words”, Kashidas stretching across a map made it click for Tom, maing the bismillah beautiful, we all just want to make text look cool, the ottoman printing press ban myth, the cursed lost printed quran, oh my god is this the unifying thing, weirdly internet explorer had kashida justification for 1 year? Inshallah you find on the internet what you’re exploring for.
Sources:
Chernobyl Frogs Image
Wikipedia: Exclusion Zones
World Nuclear Association
Wikipedia: Zone Rouge
Explorers Web: Montserrat and its Exclusion Zone
Guardian: UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus
International Atomic Energy Agency: Chernobyl
United Nations Development Programme: Chernobyl Recovery Development
BBC Future: Chernobyl’s Wildlife
Royal Society Proceedings B: The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone as a Wildlife Refuge
Wikipedia: Red Forest
Current Biology: Long-term Census Data Reveal Abundant Wildlife Populations at Chernobyl
Science: Chernobyl Hits Birds Hard
Microorganisms: Soil Microbes and Plant-Associated Microbes in Response to Radioactive Pollution
The Conversation: The Mystery of Chernobyl’s Wild Horses
San Diego Zoo: The Last Wild Horse
Animals: Endangered Przewalski’s Horse, Equus przewalskii, Cloned from Historically Cryopreserved Cells
San Diego Zoo: Birth of Cloned Przewalski’s Foal
Korean Konsult: DMZ - Demilitarized Zone
DMZ: The Civilian Control Line (CCL) towns of the Korean Peninsula
Reuters: South Korea to Shift Civilian Restricted Line
South China Morning Post: The Korean DMZ
Guardian: How Wildlife is Thriving in the Korean DMZ
Royal Society Notes and Records: From Warzone to Bioreserve
Zooniverse: DMZ Crane Watch
Biological Conservation: Winter Foraging of Threatened Cranes in the Demilitarized Zone of Korea
Cultural Anthropology: Toward an Anthropology of Landmines
KNews: Nature Thrives in Cyprus’ Forgotten Buffer Zone
UFZ EuMon conference: Monitoring Biodiversity of the Buffer Zone in Cyprus
Satoyama Initiative: The Cyprus Buffer Zone as a Socio-Ecological Landscape
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UC Berkley Unicode Overview
Unicode's History
Unicode on Braille
RNIB Contracted Braille
Buzzfeed on Japanese Tweets
LR0's Incredible Arabic Type Essay
Design Principles of Kashida Justification: A Unique Technique in Arabic and Persian Mapping
The Lost Quran's Discovery
Kathryn Schwartz's "Did Ottoman Sultans Ban Print?"

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Due to some house woes, we're recasting Ella's excellent appearance on That's Absurd, Please Elaborate, where they actually solve a meme and invent Pee Day.

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What does an astronaut actually learn in training? And what surprises them about having to live in space? Well, fortunately astronaut Cady Coleman is here to answer these and many more of our questions!!

See us live in London! LETSLEARNEVERYTHING.COM/LIVE

See Tom live in NYC! OurFindingsShow.com

Images we talk about:
Cady's Background Image

Timestamps:

(00:00:00) Intro

(00:05:03) Astronaut Training and Space Life

(01:10:42) Space Suits

(01:23:45) Outro

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Join our Discord!

We also learn about: Astronaut school, “the mission is exploration and only a part of it is human spaceflight”, the telerobotic surgery was real, living in NEEMO, Cady learned to remove a gallbladder, “what is it that I have to remember is not being simulated well?”, oh the telerobotic surgery was happening under water, it’s about sharing what you’re learning at the same time, spending 11 days underwater, bedrest studies in hawaii are actually a toll and a service, communication is key even in space, trust us space food is going to get old, not every day of training is remove 10 gallbladders, putting yourself in the picture humanizes it, which way is up? sleep flashes from cosmic rays, liquid sensors in our neck make you pee when you lie down and reduce blood volume in space, you can’t cough to hide your pee on the ISS, the future of the ISS, astronaut feet facts, Paolo and Cady’s toenail system, learning to fly in zero g, “you learn to live in 3 dimensions”, losing things in zero g sucks, CO2 buildup for the group photo, not washing clothes upset the balance, it’s all about fluid physics, “it’s all about interfaces between solids and liquids - and up in space it’s the biggest game in town”, peeing in space is easier than camping, how you determine your space order with feet, the domino effect of space suit sizes, your space suit is your space ship, IT’S LESS MATERIAL, there are people who are still waiting their turn, “how do you make sure these voices are heard when their presence is not missed?”, how to work for change collaboratively, you shouldn’t have to work so hard to participate, “oh that’s going on the website Cady”, one small step for you and one big step for democracy.

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What even is horsepower? Is it a silly unit of measurement, or actually an underrated marvel?? And how old is makeup? Why do we do it? And what historic looks can you steal for your next night out?

What are the flaws in scientific publishing, who's responsible, and how can we fix it?

ALSO SEE US LIVE IN LONDON!!! LETSLEARNEVERYTHING.COM/LIVE

Images we talk about:

Papyrus Image
Fish Palette
Patch Portrait
Painting of Two Ladies

Timestamps:

(00:00:00) Intro

(00:03:15) Horsepower

(00:48:26) Makeup

(01:39:07) Outro

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Join our Discord!

We also learn about: I’m taking horse pills to get their powers, we can answer questions without getting klaxonned, abbreviated for french reasons, the meter is 1 ten millionth the distance from the north to south pole, I’m going to be talking about power “oh god”, power is the movement of a mass over time, you’ll notice nowhere in that definition did I mention horses, James perfects the steam engine, you can’t just say “hey this engine will get us to the industrial revoltuion” you have to sell it in horses, come up with your own unit of power dweeb, a horse can produce 15 horsepower,  you’re about to have a lot more nickels, there was a metric and imperial horsepower, all the international names for hosepower, watt SI unit is on first base? the father son and the holy ghost of electronics (the amp, volt, and watt), we didn’t have a unified unit for power before horsepower, Thomas Edison measured lightbulb efficacy by horsepower, IT WASN’T AN IRONIC CHOICE IT WAS CAUSE AND EFFECT, this isn’t a podcast it’s a slumber party, Caroline and Ella’s metallic blue eyeliner/facepaint, webster’s definition is somehow too broad and too narrow, prehistoric pigemtns may have been body paint, Ella’s surprisingly informative ancient egyptian ASMR video, from kohl to green malachite, caroline hiding the sexy bits of the papyrus from us, this makes my tummy hurt, fish palettes, ancient greek prostitues were required to wear lipstick, modern man or ro-man, a woman buys lotions and perfumes with cheating in mind, Elizabeth I’s lead and vinegar makeup, painting on fake veins, plucking hairs to match the queen’s forhead, the optical illusion dot, Caroline’s favorite fad: beauty patches, it’s so wild how excluded darker complexions are in the market when this topic started in ancient egypt, perhaps makeup imitates the moment of an orgasm, im inventing new sexism: men are blurry, we finally just asked women why they wear makeup, wearing makeup because we have to vs we want to, for other or ourselves, the ro-manosphere.

Sources:
History of the SI Units
History of Imperial Units
The Fan-Tastic paper: The Origin of the Horsepower Unit
James' Encyclopedia Britannica Biography
Horserpower From a Horse Paper
Siemen's Address for the Watt Unit
Edison Papers Measuring Lightbulbs in Horsepower
NOAA Lightning Stats

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Merriam Webster
Makeup Definition
Blog: Bodypainting
Why Do We Do That? Makeup
Archeology Journal: Prehistoric Body Painting- 2000
Independant: 300000 year old body art
Smithsonian: Evidence of Fur and Leather Clothing, Among World’s Oldest, Found in Moroccan Cave
2017 Paper: Painted in red: In search of alternative explanations for EuropeanPalaeolithic cave art
Britannica: Makeup
Blog: History of Makeup
Wiki: Beauty and Cosmetics in Ancient Egypt
NHM Utah: Makeup in Ancient Egypt
Blog: Ancient Egyptian make-up
Book: Ovid on Cosmetics
University of Kent: The Painful Art of Being a Roman Woman
Wiki: Cosmetics in Ancient Rome
The Guardian: Medieval Christian Misogyny Shapes How We Judge Women Today, Says Scholar
Royal Museums Greenwich: Elizabeth I: Fashion and Beauty
DMDA: You Must Get a Patch
Auction Listing: Portrait of two ladies. Patch marks to their faces
Wiki: Allegorical Painting of Two Ladies
Smithsonian: Make-up
Preston Park: The History of Victorian Makeup
YouGov: One in Six Women Wear Makeup at the Gym
YouGov: How Often - and why - American Women wear makeup
YouGov: One in Twenty British Men Now Wear Makeup
2022 Paper: The contrasting effects of body image and self-esteem in the makeup usage
Blog: Why Do We Chase The Post-O Glow?
2015 Paper: Facial coloration tracks changes in women's estradiol
2015 Paper: Cosmetics Alter Biologically-Based Factors of Beauty: Evidence from Facial Contrast
ABC News: Makeup Makes Women Seem More Competent, Study Says
2024 Paper: The Influence of Makeup on Individual Self-Identity: An Exploratory Study
2016 Paper: Does make-up make you feel smarter? The “lipstick effect” extended to academic achievement

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