Let's Learn Everything!

• 95: 🎂 Superheavy Elements 2, Craftivism 2, and Tom's List

  It's the podcast's birthday!! So Tom has a few ideas he wants to pitch to Caroline and Ella... but first! Ella and Caroline finally revisit the topics they promised! What are the WILD stories behind the race to discover new elements, and what are the real nuancy nuances of craftivism?Images we Talk About:William Morris' PrintTerrero's HankieHankie Given to TerreroMadres de Plaza de MayoPussyhatTom's GiftsTimestamps:(00:00:00) Intro(00:06:43) Superheavy Elements 2(01:17:58) Craftivism 2(02:01:28) Tom’s ListSupport us with a Max Fun Membership!Join our Discord!We also learn about: How do we prove this is real, we pinky promise, a refresher in the form of a pop quiz, we didn’t make the elements - except for some we did make, is the gift plutonium? we never thought we’d have another element heavier - and then you happened! the quizkids element reveal, the increasing specificity of Stan’s Apartmentium, just keep adding and smashing its just math - really expensive math, the long island ice tea of nuclear materials is in the bomb, scraping new elements off the filters of flying through a mushroom cloud, the edge of the periodic table was a cold war battle field, the feuds of the transfermium wars, perhaps sodium seaborgate, while they were bickering over naming Germany discovered 5 new elements, it’s like a railgun you nerd, linear vs circular accelerators, it’s like hotwheels tracks, we could’ve designed this! “how can we differently smash this stuff?”, I’m hype about a filter, only Victor Ninov could run GOOSY, “the most audacious fraud in scientific history”, lying about discovering an element and then discovering it before people catch on to the lie, 3 elements wasn’t enough, Oganessian co discovered 14 elements - the most of anyone, I mean really we all co-discovered this topic, “we hit this wall of super heavy elements being bastards”, Goosy 2 Electric Goosyloo, you’re smashing billions of particles per second over months to hopefully get 1 atom, calcium beam of milk, the theoretical island of stability, superstable superheavy elements, disappointment on the horizon, domestic arts for political and social change, I sure wish someone had done research into this nuance, oh fuck that was supposed to be me! the arts and crafts movement was activism for crafts not crafts for activism, fucking up golf courses for women’s suffrage, some suffragettes didn’t want to include working class women, imprisoned women were given sewing needles to reform but they just made incredible protest art, Madres de Plaza de Mayo, a sense of solidarity through craft, lets tonally tokyo drift this episode baby, comparing and contrasting with the pussy hat, craft ins and yarn bombing, craftivism defies expectations and engages community, “appealing” activism, craftivism is a piece of the puzzle not the whole solution, it’s a useful tool in the toolkit, Hoisin Duck Wrap - Irn Bru - Yogurt, Tom gets a tattoo and regrets it, stopping by Tom Scott’s spinoff podcast show, Tom’s gifts, putting it to the test who’s the strongest cohost, the podcast can officially hop!Sources:Kit Chapman's "Super Heavy: Making and Breaking the Periodic Table"Ella's Superheavy Documentary---Britannica: Arts and Crafts MovementTextile Society of America: The benefits and pitfalls of craftivismMuseum of English Rural lift: Suffrage and the Sewing MachineAmerican Golfer 1912: The British Suffragettes Attack Golf CoursesTextile Society of America: The Political Stitch: Voicing Resistance in a Suffrage TextileThe Thread Blog: Historical Craftivism: From Suffragettes to Gandhi to ArgentinaThe Association of the Madres de Plaza de MayoLearning for Justice: Madres de Plaza de MayoV&A: The PussyhatThe Morning Crafter Blog: Craftivism: Empowerment, Resistance, and Activism Through HistoryBook: How To Be A Craftivist by Sarah Corbett2022 Paper: Negotiating the Art of Protest through Craftivism2017 Paper: KNIT + RESIST: placing the Pussyhat Project in the context of craft activism2018 Paper: Knitting Activism, Knitting Gender, Knitting RaceJ. Feliz: An Open Letter to the Craftivism MovementBBC: Police to get broader powers to restrict repeated protests

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• 94: Paranormal Psychology & Defunct Halloween Traditions

  We know ghosts aren't real, but what is real is the way our brains make us imagine the creepy things that go bump in the night. What about our psychology makes it so easy to be spooked? And we've all heard of costumes and pumpkin carving, but what are the weirdest old Halloween traditions, and what can we take into our own traditions?Things we Talk About:Mooney FacesGames for HalloweenSnap Dragon Video 1Snap Dragon Video 2Caramel Pronunciation MapMischief Night MapCabbage Card 1Cabbage Card 2The Bobbing for Apples VideoTimestamps:(00:00:00) Intro(00:03:36) Paranormal Psychology(01:03:06) Defunct Halloween Traditions(01:36:21) OutroSupport us with a Max Fun Membership!Join our Discord!We also learn about: Skeleton Shattering Science Topic, anomalistic psychology is the science of ghost busting, NOT parapsychology, the first step to a ghost is someone who believe in ghosts, following the format of ghost hunting shows, spooky believers are often predisposed pattern recognizers, the Australian sheep goat scale, suggestion not priming, creepyness via agent detection, a haunted house is evolutionarily designed to be spooky to us, the scary feedback loop, no infrasound does not vibrate your eyeballs,  pattern recognizing apophenia, it’s a wonder humans aren’t scared all the time, it’s actually good we don’t consciously perceive every single thing, wait the static says subscribe to the podcast?? I think she’s saying her hips DO lie, the yeti, hiring a magician on halloween, Ella’s pattern recognizing brain can sense Tom’s bit voice, all the names Halloween goes by, Samhain was basically new years eve, Mary Blain’s Games for Halloween and her caveat, Silent Supper or Reverse Dinner, don’t play snap dragon, imagine risking third degree burns for a RAISIN, the heat map of words for the night before Halloween, mischief night or Halloweeneen, youth honor day, the worst boy police, did you pull a bisexual cabbage? why is everything so romantic?? silent supper seems cute until you’re sprinting over a fence and smashing a window, bobbing for apples is FERAL, our tradition of a spooky episode.Sources:2021 Paper- Super-natural fears2022 Paper- Believing is seeing: The link between paranormal beliefs and perceiving signal in noisePsychology Today: Why Some People See Ghosts But Others Never Do2018 Paper: The Australian sheep-goat scale: An evaluation of factor structure and convergent validityWiki- Australian Sheep-Goat Scale2003 Paper- An investigation into alleged ‘hauntings’1997 Paper- Context-Induced Paranormal Experiences: Support for Houran and Lange's Model of Haunting Phenomena2010 Paper- It's still bending: Verbal suggestion and alleged psychokinetic abilitySmithsonian Magazine- On the Science of Creepiness2016 Paper- On the nature of creepiness2022 Paper- Why Some People See, Hear, Or Feel “Ghosts”2020 Paper- Things That Go Bump in the Literature: An Environmental Appraisal of “Haunted Houses”2009 Paper- The “Haunt” project: An attempt to build a “haunted” room by manipulating complex electromagnetic fields and infrasoundBBC- The science behind seeing ghosts2022 Paper- Paranormal experiences, sensory-processing sensitivity, and the priming of pareidolia2014 Paper- Auditory PareidoliaMichael Nees Interview with The ConversationDigicult: Joe Banks: Rorschach Audio---Smithsonian Mag Halloween TraditionsMary E. Blain's Games for HalloweenMidwest Folklore: Silent SupperJournal of the Folklore Institute: Silent SupperAtlas Obscura: Silent SupperNYTimes Dialect QuizSmithsonian Mag: Mischief NightSmithsonian Mag: Old Halloween PranksAtlantic: Halloween Pranks and the Worst Boy PoliceRobert Burns Halloween PoemNJ.com Mischief NightNPR Apples & Halloween

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• 93: Unsolved Math Problems & Video Game Controllers w/ Ellen Weatherford

  Wait... ELLA is doing a math topic?? Not only that but she finds the beauty in searching for answers among the toughest math problems. Then, friend of the show Ellen Weatherford takes us through a tour of video game controllers. My favorite is the- wait how did we end up talking about World War 2??Images we Talk About:Tesseract GifTennis for Two ControllersMagnavox OdysseyGame.comTimestamps:(00:00:00) Intro(00:03:05) Unsolved Math Problems(00:54:47) Video Game Controllers(01:46:42) OutroSupport us with a Max Fun Membership!Join our Discord!We also learn about: Today Caroline is played by Tom and Tom is played by Ellen, I’ll fall on the bad british accent sword for our guests, Ellen speed runs failing math, famous bad lawyer Fermat, I’m learning about math?? from Ella??? Ellen’s Last Theorem: lentil’s cure cancer, “mathematics like any science requires advancements and research and discovery”, basic math starts as early as mesopotamia, a brief history of mathematics, I gotta make math to describe this apple, math begets math, new ways to solve old problems, is this problem hard or will it take thousands of years to solve, the oldest unsolved math problem is 2000 years old, you’re scientifically wrong that all numbers are perfect, we know of 52 perfect numbers, merseene primes and perfect numbers, we don’t know if odd perfect numbers exist, Hilbert’s 23 unsolved math problems, it’s not the answers to the questions - its the tools built to solve them, new list just dropped - the millenium prize problems, the million dollar prize doesn’t account for inflation, the power of an interesting question, multidimensional play-doh, bumblebee - the tesseract! the poincare conjecture had only not been solved in the third dimension, perelman turns down the fields medal, they can offer a million cause if you solve it you’re only thinking about play-doh and 10 dimensions, is the mellenium prize problematic? eh, after researching a lot… the Riemann hypothesis actually probably won’t break cryptography, pure mathematics deserves the benefit of the doubt for its purpose, go forth with Ella’s blessing, new Ella loves math and libertarianism, I don’t know if the convergent evolution argument for controllers holds up in court, Ellen’s radical definition of a game, I don’t think the gate should be closed but don’t push me through it, the murky search for the first video game, Birdy the Brain - the Tic Tac Toe machine, controllers transmit human intention into a computer, some of the first controllers used dials, I was going to say the manhattan project as a joke, a brief and unexpected nuclear disarment detour, Higinbotham doesn’t like being remembered for tennis for two, Space War! the Magnavox Odyssey, some controllers were tabletop not handheld, Atari stole pong, the anatomy of a controller, stolen valor for logitech controllers piloting submarines, kids and parents learning to use controllers, Ella thought RT and RB meant top and bottom, rumble is purely for experience not input, the game.com had the first touch screen, a urinal controlled driving game, interviewing resident elderly expert Donna Jones.Sources:MacTutor: Pierre Fermat BiographyWiki: Fermat's Last TheoremMacTutor: History of MathematicsSimon Fraser University: A Brief History of MathematicsMedium:The Oldest Unsolved Problem in MathPillars Taylor University: Odd Perfect NumbersRoyal Society: David HilbertSimons Foundation: Hilbert’s ProblemsClay Institute: The Millennium Prize ProblemsNature News: Maths 'Nobel' Prize Declined By Russian recluseAnatoly Vershik: Thoughts on the Clay Millennium PrizesBBC In Our Time: The Poincare ConjectureMedium: The Poincaré Conjecture[BBC News: Russian Maths Genius Perelman Urged to Take $1m Prize](BBC News - Russian maths genius Perelman urged to take $1m prize)Clay Mathematics Institute: Riemann Hypothesis---Probably the Oldest Interactive Electronic Game - Jeremy Norman’s History of Information“Bertie the Brain Still Lives” - Popular Mechanics“Tennis for Two – A Pioneer in the Video Game Industry” - GameSpeak Mag“Who was Willy Higinbotham?” - Federation of American Scientists“Spacewar!” - Museum of Play“The Magnavox Odyssey: The Forgotten Pioneer of Gaming Consoles” - SlashgearBad Game Hall of Fame“Place to pee: new Belgian urinal-based video game” - Ars Technica“Sega Begins Sales of Urine-Powered 'Toylet' Videogame” - WiredPerifit Care, Original Kegel Exerciser

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• 92: The Chemistry of Computers & The Great Moon Hoax of 1835

  What does chemistry have to do with computers? Well it might just be the best way to understand what's actually going on inside a CPU! And how could there have been a moon hoax back in 1835? Well it involves cosmic pluralism and Edgar Allen Poe so buckle up!Images we Talk About:Vaccuum Tubes in ComputersThe First Integrated CircuitAnother early Integrated Circuit PrototypePeople Etching a Circuit MaskTED How are Microchips Made VideoEtching from the Great Moon HoaxTimestamps:(00:00:00) Intro(00:02:23) The Chemistry of Computers(01:04:27) The Great Moon Hoax of 1835(01:49:15) OutroSupport us with a Max Fun Membership!Join our Discord!We also learn about: BOOOO, a first time interview for this podcast, tom tries to define an integrated circuit, semiconductors, being mid at conducting is vital, silicon silica and silicone, quartz is one of the most abundant minerals and it’s just silica, the metalloids, transistors are so important but so vague, Caroline and Ella were not expecting a trans rights joke, for once of your jokes deserved more appreciation, the quest to make the smallest switch, semiconductors or on the edge of flipping between conductive or not, vacuum bulbs, The Tyranny of Numbers, photo-lithography, etching shrinking then stenciling a circuit, then computers would help make computers, Moore’s predictions of the future of computing, wait did you just explain Moore’s Law? my new graphics card comes with a new unified theory of physics, transistors are now the width of a few strands of DNA, quantum troubles, relying on moor’s law can stifly creativity, but also making transistor’s smaller is interesting science! Ella & Caroline never thought they’d understand computers like this, it’s almost like they’re going to announce they’re discovering aliens, cosmic pluralism, Sir William Herschel discovered Tom’s Anus, we were in a way disproving life on other planets, Gruithuisen sees roads on the moon, “the power of imagination on the man is large”, alien theories sold papers, Edgar Allen Poe’s SciCom satire, quoth the lunarian - nevermore, the daily drops escalated the and on the fifth day we got moon racism, the etchings of lunar life, lets get bibles and colonialism on the moon baby, Richard Adams Locke is the true author, Herschel was on a research trip while this was going down, it sounds like we’re the perfect team for a hoax, aside from being a critique of science communication it also made bank and made the sun the most bought newspaper in the world, Locke’s non denial denial, selling property on the moon, this changed journalistic standards, the occasional hoax actually isn’t okay but fine, Herschel actually thinks it’s hilarious, Locke X Poe collab balloon hoax, this sparked a trend of science fiction.Sources:Cornell History of SemiconductorsEuro Physics News 100 Years of Semiconductor ScienceRoyal Society of Chemistry on SiliconPBS History of TransistorsPBS Invention of the Integrated CircuitIEEE Historhy of the Integrated CircuitMoore's Original Paper: Cramming more Components onto Integrated CircuitsUPenn: Is Moore's Law Really Dead?MIT: The Death of Moore's Law---Wiki: Lunar Pareidolia Book- The Moon in the Greek and Roman ImaginationWiki- Anaxagoras Futurism: Franz von Paula Gruithuisen's Venus Science FictionSmithsonian Blog- The Great Moon HoaxLibrary of Congress: Blogs Paper- The "Great Moon Hoax" of 1835Linda Hall Library: Richard Adams LockeBritannica: The Great Moon Hoax of 1835Library of Congress: Blogs : Belief, Legend, and the Great Moon HoaxLibrary of Congress: The Sun (New York) 1833-1916Internet Archive: Great Moon Hoax PapersEdgar Allen Poe Society: Richard Adams Locke

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• 91: Lauren Gawne, Is Pointing Rude, and Gestures Studies

  Is pointing rude? I'm sure it's a simple question with a simple answer that won't completely break our brains in rethinking all we take for granted about gesture. Also, what is Lauren’s holy grail lost media of gesture studies?Timestamps:(00:00:00) Intro(00:05:01) Is Pointing Rude?(00:48:11) Questions for Lauren(01:25:26) OutroSupport us with a Max Fun Membership!Join our Discord!We also learn about: Diverse but incredibly niche interests is the sweet spot, studying the holes in emoji, Tom wasn’t a rude pointer child like Ella, the Disney point, when you point you don’t direct to the end of your finger - you psychically project forward, dogs and horses are great points - cats not so much, we are the only primate that points in the wild, you likely pointed before you spoke, ITS CALLED THE INDEX FINGER BECAUSE IT POINTS LIKE AN INDEX, non index pointing, “that is one lens through which we could consider this”, lip pointing in Encanto, travel guides will simplify to pointing is rude because it’s complex and nuanced where it’s rude, we haven’t even gotten to rainbows, taboos for pointing at specific things, who dude watch where you’re pointing it’s threatening, what if hypothetically a host just went to japan and pointed a lot, Japan is often on the linguistics bingo card, pointing is the pronoun system in ASL, spacial pronoun tracking, you can be a better pointer than someone, gesture and speech have different strengths, Tom’s gestures are more honest than his words to his cohosts, pointing was some of the earliest emoji, “medieval illuminated manuscript marginalia creators would be disappointed with you Ella”, the finger pointing came before the arrow, “we had hands before we had writing”, gesture studies is still new and very interdisciplinary, the way you study gesture is every way, you gesture bigger in loud environments, computers are good at reading hands but not hands in context, the only thing Tom can correct Lauren on is that it was Just Dance not DDR, gesture is ephemeral to study, a huge reason we have gesture study now is video exists, the holy grail lost tapes of gesture, using gesture studies to prove the nazis wrong, are gestures are both for you and the person you’re talking to, I’m not analyzing your gestures if what you’re saying is interesting, metaphorical gesture space, we move ideas around like little apples, you’ll never be able to watch a ted talk again, the archery V myth, exploiting the ambiguity of gesture, we’ve been gesturing with communicating for so long and only reading and writing so recently - so of course we yearn for emoji, “we’re adding the body straight back in the moment we get the chance to”, the rate of literacy is weird, Lauren insisted no emotion on the head shake emoji because it’s not universally negative, sign language has gesture, for the Aymara language the future is behind you - i cant see whats going to happen, iconic resources, cognitive linguistics is obsessed with our meat puppets, we all experience the same gravity and that influences how we think, part of the joy is being the meat puppet.

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